Lacquer and lacquer enamel



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

STANLEY n.- SHIPLEY AND TO ATLAS rownnn comr DELAWARE.

, No Drawing.

This invention GUY G. GIVEN, 0F STAMTORD, CONNECTICUT, AS SIGNOBIS ANY, OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, ACOBPORATIGN OF LACQUER AND LAGQUER ENAMEL.

Application filed April 18, 1925-. Serial No. @4359.

relates to lacquers and lacquer enamels; and it comprises as a compos1t1on of matter,

a coatin composition containing nitrocellulose, witli or without other coating tiOn by of ethylene glycol,

bodies, such as resins, a solvent comprislnga propyl ether held in soluthe propyl group being most advantageously isopropyl, and it further comprises a method of making lacquers,

varnishes and enamels wherein nitrocellulose is dissolved in a propyl ether of ethylene glycol; all as more fully hereinafterset and as claimed.

Nitrocellulose many different forth forms the basis of very varnishes, lacquers and enamels, being brought into solution for this purpose by-a wide variety of solvents. Practical experience has shown that the properties of the varnish depend very much upon the particular solvent emplo ed. thin films are (issued an Sometimes, relatively weak solutions are used, say, not over 5 ounces of nitrocellulose per gallon; wh1le at times,

very much heavier stron g solutions ounces per gallon. as to ounces are used. tions, the v1.scos1ty films are wanted and are used, say, up to' 20 Exceptionally, as high In these soluor fiowability, the rate of drying, the properties of the final film, etc., depend upon the particular solvents used.

In most cases, it is customary to use in connection with the solvent a diluent -non-solvent, such as xylene, gasolene, etc.

benzene, toluene, This addition has various functions in the compositionand in particular is useful in lowering the finished product.

the cost of Various alcohols are sometimes used as diluents-ethyl, methyl,

butyl, amyl, etc. These additions often promote homogeneity. lin in the composition,

used many other materials; ing materials and some not.

Together with pyroxythere are frequent y some being coat-- All sorts of resins are used, both natural and artificial, such as kauri, ester gum (glycerin resin ester), damar, shellac, etc.

, For opaque varnishes, various ordinary. ents are often adm xed, such as zinc oxld, lithopone, titanium oxid, etc., etc. For

one purpose or such as camphor or often added.

In a prior Patent,

another, latent solvents, triphenyl phosphate, are

No. 1,533,616, xpru 14,

1925, we have described and claimed compositions utilizing the solvent properties of I purposes we find e have found that for many purposes. the propyl ethers derived from ethylene;

glycol are even more applicable. These propyl ethers may be tained by replacing one hydrogen of a hydroxyl of ethylene glycol b propyl group or that obtaine by similarly replacing hydrogen by an isopropyl group. Either has distinct advantages, but for most the body containing iso- These bodies, which may be called prop l glycol, as compared with ethyl -glycol, ave somewhat less solvent power r'or nitrocellulose but an even better miscibility with hydrocarbon non-solvents. inch as benzene, toluene, xylene, and gasoene, vents of approximately the same boiling point. The viscosity of the nitrocellulose solutions is somewhat difierent from that of solutions formed with the aid of ethyl glycol and the flowing properties are different. The propyl glycol gives a film which is particularly tough and resistant; drying, films may be obtained with its aid which are of acharacter that can on y be obtained otherwise "Wltl1 the aid of such adventitious bodies ascastor oil. The propyl glycols are, furthermore, for the various resins and with the drying oils; them utility with propyl the better.

are also miscible a fact which glves various lacquers and enamels containing not only nitrocellulose but also various natural and artificial resins, In these compositions, linseed oil, soya bean oil, blown fish oils, etc., may be readlly incorporated. In fact, with the aid of propyl little as 1 part of ethyl either the ether obthe normal than, the ordinary nitrocellulose sol-' in fact, on

excellent solvents 3 from offensive odor.

* of the propyl glycol.

composite lacquers, enamels and coatings where the nitrocellulose is only one coating component, and may be merely a minor component.

In a specific embodiment of our invention making an easily flowing, slow drying varnish of good leveling qualities, 1 part by Weight of nitrocellulose may be dissolved in about 7 parts by Weight of a mixture of solvents; this mixture comprising propyl glycol and a hydrocarbon nonsolvent the hydrocarbon diluent may be used benacne, toluene, xylene and gasolene in admixture, in' about equal proportions, with perhaps a. little more toluene than benzene. However, the particular hydrocarbons used and the particular ratio depend somewhat upon the specific use of the varnish to be made. With the mixture'of propyl glycol and hydrocarbons may be further admixed either butyl alcohol or denatured alcohol. Where the alcohols are used, they may form about of the compound solvent. With this composition may be blended any suitable amount of any suitable resin used for coating purppses. For many purposes, 5

arts of any suitable resin may be used. or an enamel or opa ue varnish, a suitable amount of any suitzihle pigment may be round into lacquer produced as described. ior many purposes, about 2 parts of zinc oxid for each art of nitrocellulose gives a good composition. A little castor oil or a ,little camphor or both may be added for specific urposes. One of the great advantages o? the propyl glycol is its freedom WVhereodors are not objectionable, a certain amount of the ordinary nitrocellulose solvents, such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate,- ihuty1 acetate or amyl "acetate, may be used )to replace part In this mixture, the propyl glycol prevents precipitation of nitrocellulose by the hydrocarbon non-solvents; something which is apt to occur where the various acetates are the main solvents;

A composition of propyl glycol and hyin the proportion of 2:3. As

some alcohol, this being drocarbon non-solvent, such as benzene, etc., is of special utility as a thinner for modifying the properties of nitrocellulose and compound varnishes. Or a similar mixture of propyl glycol and denatured ethyl. alcohol or butyl alcohol or both may be used as a diluent or thinner. Amy] alcohol may be used in connection with propyl glycol in the same way.

What we claim is l. A coating composition comprising nitrocellulose, a resin, a: propyl ether of ethylene glycol constituting a solvent for both the nitrocellulose and resin, and a drying oil.

2. A coating composition comprising nitrocellulose, a resin, a propyl ether of ethylene glycol constituting a solvent for both the nitrocellulose and resin and a vegetable drying oil.

3. A coating composition com risin nitrocellulose, a resin, a propyl et er 0? ethylene glycol, as a solvent for the nitrocellulose and resin, and a pigment.

4. A film comprising nitrocellulose, a resin, a propyl-ether of ethylene glycol, as a solvent for the nitrocellulose and resin, and a pigment miscible with said glycol.

5. A coating composition comprising nitrocellulose, a resin, isopropyl glycol as a solvent for both the nitrocellulose and resin.

6. A coating composition comprising nitrocellulose, a resin, isopropyl glycol as a solvent for both the nitrocellulose and resin, a pigment miscible with said glycol.

7. A coating composition comprisin nitrocellulose, a -.-resin, a propyl ether 0? ethylene glycol as a solvent for the nitrocellulose, a pigment, and a vegetable drying oil. V

8. A coating composition com rising nitrocellulose, a resin, a propyl et er of ethylene glycol, as a solvent for both the nitrocellulose and resin, and a vegetable drying oil.

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto aflixed our signatures.

STANLEY D. SHIPLEY. GUY o. GIVEN. 

